Applying for music copyright - Miss Georgiou

Copyright is the right to prevent the copying of property; in the music industry this means music, lyrics and sound recordings. It means that the copyright owner can protect their own work and control how it is used. Copyright doesn't actually exist until and idea is written down and recorded onto a tape, a disk or a computer. The owner of the copyright could be the creator of the work or the recordings owner (usually the record company). The law prevents the recording being used for things that the artist or label doesn't agree with which is why we had to apply for copyright for Paloma Faith's song 'Only love can hurt like this'.

We had to apply for copyright to use the song we wanted to include, for this we had to email the record label so we could get their permission to use their work. If we didn't do this we couldn't make any of our work public as we could risk 'infringement' which we are trying to avoid if we want to publish our work with the Paloma Faith's song included. If we did not ask for permission we could risk our work being taken down from YouTube and legal action taken against us. This is why we emailed the record label that Paloma Faith belongs to so that if they say yes, we could use the song in our work and music video.

Still we do not have a response from the Paloma Faith record company (18th December) but we have continued to plan and film our music video as we understand that epic records is a big company and may be busy.

Music Video Inspirations - Miss Georgiou

Consider 3 music videos that you have watched, which have provided you with inspiration for your own production. Focus on micro elements, music video style, artists representation, music video genre theory ,choice of song etc. 

Adele - Someone like you

One of the videos that inspired me for our Paloma faith video is Adele's song 'someone like you'. The mise-en-scene element; setting. The video shows Adele slowly strolling through a city, this represents that this busy place is filled with many people around her, but not the person she wants, hence the title 'someone like you'. This makes the audience feel sorry for Adele as she looks lonely and depressed in this video which shows the emotion she uses whilst singing the song. This setting inspired me for my idea of Paloma Faith's 'only love can hurt like this' video as a busy place can reflect her loneliness as she is hurt from love ('only love can hurt like this') and also both songs are from the soul genre which means they have the same target audience so that our video ideas can be similar.

Lana Del Rey - Ultraviolence

Another video that inspired me for the idea of our Paloma Faith music video is Lana Del Rey 'ultraviolence'. The cinematography used within the video makes it more enjoyable for the audience. The use of a hand held camera shot throughout the video following Lana Del Rey makes the audience feel as if they are in the video themselves; this appeals the audience and makes it more enjoyable to watch. This could be an idea for our Paloma Faith video as we can use a hand held camera shot for a part of the video to achieve the same effect as it does in this 'ultraviolence' video. Also Lana Del Rey makes similar music to Paloma Faith so the music videos will appeal to the same target audience.

Tinie Tempah - Pass out

This 'pass out' video by Tinie Tempah contains a black background throughout, this lighting can create two contrasting effects: a lonely, dark, cold effect or a a light on the artist or actor to make them the centre of attention. If we were to use this in our Paloma Faith video it would be to create a cold, lonely effect and show that the actor or artist is alone and lonely due to being hurt by love, hence the title 'only love can hurt like this'. This would make the audience feel bad for the actor or artist and therefore allow the video to appeal more to them.

Paloma Faith - Picking up the pieces

In this music video the editing used is fast paced, this is used to keep up with the quick beat of the song, 
the visuals used show Paloma looking very sad and depressed as a girlfriend, it also switches between this and showing her singing on her own. Fast paced editing here is used to show that a lot of things are going on in the artist's life so an abundance of shots are used at a fast pace to reflect this hard stage in her life making the video more interesting for the audience as they can see the emotion through the fast paced editing. 

Paloma Faith - Just be

The editing used in this music video is slow paced, this brings out alot of emotion portrayed by the artist as the soul music genre typically shows emotion and sadness. The slow shots allow the audience to see more of the artist and allow them to create a link between the audience and the artist, also the video is in black and white, this dull visual is conventional to the soul genre as it shows a vintage look making the artist look classy but also shows a colourless life which the artist is feeling without her boyfriend which she has lost, this is again conventional to the soul music genre.

Analysis of a star and Dyer's star theory - Miss Miller

Reasons why a star may want to reinvent themselves:

Change their genre of music

Change their image – become more ‘edgy’ etc.

Previous bad press – attempt to become ‘good’ again

Been around for a long time and need to keep up with etc. of new era

Create publicity – get people talking about them

Change their target audience – if they were teen stars, may now want to appeal to an older audience

One artist that has reinvented themselves is Justin Bieber, he started off singing acoustic pop songs such as 'One time' and 'baby'. But now days he is doing more hip-hop genre songs such as 'boyfriend' and 'as long as you love me', this may be that Justin wants to aim his music at a different target audience; instead of girls aged 11+ but to an older audience of teenage to young adult girls to gain more popularity and to also be able to explore a new genre of music with his songs and videos.

This could also have been done to change Justin Bieber's image, he started off as a long haired young boy singing pop songs about girls, but recently he has cut his hair, got tattoos all over his body and teamed up with rappers such as 'Big Sean' to create hip-hop music. Also Justin has been in the news for supposedly smoking marijuana and driving away from police which gives him the bad boy image and could also dent his reputation towards the press and his audience.

Justin Bieber - One time

In this music video Justin is shown in stereotypical 'skater-boy' outfit; cap and hoodie. This mise-en-scene element of costumes allows the audience to see Justin's innocence throughout the video as he is laughing and smiling with his friends and with a girl. Also, this video is narrative based which shows Justin acting in his own video as a fun, young boy which would of portrayed him as friendly and kind to his young target audience at the time. Also the setting of a party shows Justin to be a popular young boy and nothing else, which has definitely changed to this date as Justin uses very contrasting mise-en-scene elements in his more recent music videos for his hip-hop based songs.

Justin Bieber - Boyfriend

In this more recent music video; boyfriend, the mise-en-scene element costumes is shown contrastingly compared to the 'one time' video as he is dressed in a leather jacket and jeans. This shows Justin has grown up and matured as he is wearing typical adult clothing, also his hair has been cut to be styled and makes him look a lot older than in his older videos. Also the video itself has more of a performance based style which shows that Justin wants the spotlight to be on him in order to increase his popularity as an artist and show his new and improved image to his new target audience of older teenagers.

Justin Bieber - Confident

In this video Justin's change is shown more dramatically, the use of costumes in the video shows this. For example Justin is wearing a big gold chain and baggy jumper, this shows that he wants to completely change his style from the young teenage boy he was in the 'one time' video. In 'boyfriend' you can see some of his changes such as his smarter haircut and clothes, but in this 'confident' video he has completely changed, he has big jewellery, baggy clothes, tattoos exposed and seems a completely new man compared to some of his older videos. This may be because his target audience has grown up with him and they are no longer younger girls, they are older so his style and videos need to appeal to them. This video is performance based, this allows Justin to show off his talents and new style to gain publicity.

I think Justin chose to reinvent him self for many reasons; to change his genre from pop to hip-hop, to address a new target audience of older teenagers rather than younger girls, and to change himself as a character in real life and not just him videos. This is shown by the way he has changed his appearance as a person and not just in his music videos, this and the change in his music genre reflects Justin's dramatic change from a boy to a man you could say. 

Analysis of music genres - Miss Georgiou

Music videos appeal to an audience through the cinematography, mise-en-scene, editing and style of the video. These are important because is makes the music video more memorable for the audience and people will start talking about it gaining publicity for the audience.

Drake - Over Music Video

In the Drake rap music video, cinematography is used to draw attention to Drake, a close-up is used to make Drake the centre of attention. This is evident at the beginning of the video when Drake is sitting at the end of the bed. This camera shot portrays his emotion as being angry and upset which demonstrates his loss in a relationship. This allows the audience to notice his emotions during the video which is conventional for artists to do during their music videos to make them more appealing to the target audience. The audience would want to listen to Drake's story in his rap song because conventionally, rap artists rap about past experiences.

Another camera shot used in Drake's rap video for 'Over' is a mid shot of Drake on the end of the bed in an empty room, this cinematography puts us on Drake's level as we are not seeing him from above or below, this allows the audience to see Drake as a normal human and not a famous artist. Also, because the shot shows Drake facing the camera, the audience may feel as if he is rapping to them about his life and his relationship issues, making the video more enjoyable and entertaining because he is performing directly to his audience.

The use of fast paced editing and changes of scenery to match Drake's speed of rapping makes the video appeal more to the audience as it will flow more and create a professional look, and also draws attention to specific parts of the song in the video, making it more exciting to watch. This will have a positive effect on the audience as they may want to watch more of Drake's videos, increasing his publicity, this is conventional of the rap genre to include fast paced editing to match the lyrics and music in the songs.

The coloured background editing used in Drake's videos are used to show his emotions. For example the red background shown throughout different parts of the song creates the feelings of: love, danger or anger, which is all different feelings Drake raps about in 'Over'. This helps the audience to understand the video more and make it more appealing to them. This again appeals more to the audience as it makes the video more enjoyable to watch as the visuals on screen match with the lyrics which is one of Goodwin's points on music videos.

One of the five mise-en-scene elements shown in Drake's video is the setting. When Drake is in an empty room on the bed, the room is very small and the bed isn't fancy, this subverts the stereotypical rap videos that normally include money and big houses, because Drake is in a very average looking room. This makes the video more relateable for the audience as they see Drake as a normal person and not a star, this allows them to create a relationship with him through the visuals in his video and make the video more appealing.

The costume an artist wears in a music video also has an impact of the audience and the video, Drake is wearing a normal hooded jumper in 'over', this subverts the stereotypical rap videos of big chains and designer clothing, again making Drake seem on the same level as his audience making his song and video more relatable to them whilst they watch it, therefore making it more enjoyable to watch. This subverting of the rap music genre allows Drake's music video to have more of an emotional effect as he is rapping about himself and his past compared to some other rap videos that are about sex, drugs and violence making it stand out to his audience.

Drakes facial expressions throughout the 'over' music video are very tired or angry. These emotions linked with the lyrics makes the video more enjoyable to watch for the audience as Drake is showing his emotions and letting his feelings out through the video, and opening up to his audience. This will make them feel as if they know Drake's problems and respect him more as an artist as they can relate to what he is rapping about which makes the video more appealing for his audience. The visuals linking with the lyrics is a point from Goodwin's theory which is clearly seen in Drake's music video to make his audience engage more whilst watching his music video.

The lighting in Drake's 'over' video is used to portray his emotions in his lyrics, the different shades and different colours of lighting can be used to make his lyrics seem more enjoyable to listen to as the audience can see a visual representation his emotions too. The dark lighting used portrays a sad, lonely feel throughout the music video whilst Drake sits alone on a bed or alone in a room, also the bright lights can reflect his happy emotions and present him as a star as he is in the spotlight almost, the red lighting can portray Drake's sad and angry emotions throughout his rap music video which makes the video more captivating for the audience.

The positioning of Drake in his 'over' video consists mostly him in the centre of the screen, this draws attention to Drake as he is what the viewers can see most which promotes him as an artist. Also the fact that Drake is in the centre of the screen shows that he is the centre of attention which conveys him as a star. This increases the publicity for Drake's videos as the audience would want to see more of him and his music videos as they can see him singing his own songs which makes the video more meaningful and personal as he is performing to the camera. Because a close up is used this allows the audience to feel more involved in the music video as they can see Drake's emotions whilst he raps which makes the video appeal more to the audience. This is stereotypical of the rap genre as the artists usually promote themselves through their videos by performing to the camera allowing the audience to identify the artist.

Flo Rida - Club Can't Handle Me Music Video

In this Flo Rida dance music video another close-up is used but creates a different representation due to the different genre; dance. A close-up shot of Flo Rida shows him with sunglasses and jewellery on and also shows a group of people dancing in the background in the club, this is conventional of dance music videos to show people dancing and having a good time. This allows the audience to see the artists lifestyle as Flo Rida is out partying and throwing money about, showing that he is rich too, making him a role model for his audience. Also because Flo Rida is in the middle of the screen it draws all attention to him making it obvious that he is a star, by performing to the camera Flo Rida allows the audience to identify him and therefore promote himself as an artist.

Another use of cinematography is a high angle shot, this is used to show all the people dancing in the club. This portrays everybody as less important than Flo Rida as he is a famous artist because they look smaller through this camera angle. This shot could also be seen differently, it could be used to show the enormous amount of people in the club which is what the music video is about and is conventional to the dance music genre, this makes the video more enjoyable for the audience as they have exciting visuals to watch which match the lyrics which is one of Goodwin's points.

The editing in this Flo Rida music video is used to help the audience get an insight in to Flo Rida's lifestyle. Fast-paced editing is used between shots to show the rush in the club because there is so many people there creating a realistic, exciting effect for the video. This can also be used to reflect Flo Rida's fast rapping through the video which makes the visuals link with the lyrics, this makes the video appealing to the audience as it creates a professional look throughout the video. This allows the target audience to see how Flo Rida lives a party life style and make them see him as a role model, also the use of partying in this video is typical of the dance music genre which will make it appeal more to the dance music audience.

The setting of the club on Flo Rida's video is conventional to the dance genre because most dance videos show people dancing in clubs. This particular setting is used because of the word "club" in the title, this allows the audience to see the visuals that match with the lyrics during the song, which is again part of Goodwin's theory. This makes the audience intrigued with the club/party lifestyle that Flo Rida is portrayed to live during this video, making the video appeal more to the target audience, and making the video conventional to the dance music genre.

Flo Rida's costume in this video consists of big chains and big earrings, this mise-en-scene element conveys Flo Rida as being wealthy. This, plus the beginning shot of him throwing money gives the audience a clear representation of his rich lifestyle due to being a music artist which makes him seem like a role model to his target audience. This could appeal the audience as they would want to see the wealthy lifestyle he lives possible as a form of escapism.

Flo Rida's facial expressions throughout the "Club can't handle me" video include mostly smiling. This shows that being out partying makes him happy, this makes the audience want to go out to clubs themselves just by watching this video, this is conventional to the dance music genre because dance music is what plays in clubs. Also the wealthy artist lifestyle is shown to be satisfying Flo Rida making him a role model to his target audience and therefore increasing his musics publicity and making the audience want to see more of him and his music videos.

The darkness of the club in the video accompanied by flashing strobes lights is a typical mise-en-scene element used in many dance videos. This is used to recreate the scene of being out in a club which is what Flo Rida's music video is all about, making it again, more enjoyable for the audience as the video represents Flo Rida partying with loads of people in a club. The strobe lighting is used in many dance videos to draw attention to the video and increase the artist's publicity. The strobe lighting is typical of the dance music genre as it makes it exciting for the audience and engages them as it makes the club scene feel like reality.

The positioning of Flo Rida in this video consists of him being mostly in the middle of the screen, this, just like in Drake's 'over' video, makes him the centre of attention and draws attention to him yet again. This also promotes him as an artist as he is performing to the camera This makes the audience notice that he is important and the main artist and therefore increases his publicity even more throughout the whole video.

The cinematography used in this Adele music video is conventional to the soul genre, a close up of the artist's face is used to show her emotions whilst singing, this makes the video more appealing to the audience because they sympathise towards her. Also this allows the audience to create a relationship with the artist and they can see clearly her emotions whilst singing the song, this will make the video more enjoyable as the audience can see Adele's emotions whilst she performs to the camera. This is conventional to the soul music genre as soul music videos typically show emotions to match the lyrics being sung to make the audience relate to the artist's problems.

A long shot is also used in this Adele music video showing her in an empty room, this shows that she is lonely and independent. This is conventional to the soul music genre and soul artist normally sing about past relationships ans about being alone now, for example Paloma Faith's song 'only love can hurt like this'. Also this could be portrayed differently as it could mean she doesn't need a man to be happy which is again quite popular in the soul genre, this makes Adele a role model for women as they see her as strong and independent, also the audience can relate to this song as she is talking about her home town, the audience can build a relationship with Adele as they could feel the same way about a place in their past.

The editing in this Adele music video is slow paced, this is used to match the slow singing by Adele, this makes the song and video fall into the soul music genre as it is slow and not fast paced which is normally seen in dance videos. Also the slowness of the editing in this video brings out the artist's emotions as the audience can see many shots of her whilst singing, this allows the audience to sympathise for her and therefore build a relationship with Adele through the music video making it more appealing to the audience and making the video conventional to the soul music genre.

The lighting used in this 'hometown' music video is dark mostly, this creates a sad, lonely feel and allows the audience to realise this and feel sympathy for Adele. Pictures on the wall of Adele's home town are lightened up making them visible for the audience, this links with the title of the song and makes the video more understandable for the audience, this also shows Adele's emotions as she is upset about leaving her hometown, the audience can see her hurt and possible relate to it if they are missing a person or place, this makes the audience engage more with the video as it is flowing with emotion which makes it more enjoyable and enticing to watch.

The setting in this Adele music video is an empty room, this is very simple and allows the attention to be drawn to the artist and her emotions whilst singing, this promotes Adele as an artist as she is drawing the attention of the audience as there is nothing else to look at apart from pictures on the wall. This empty room also allows the audience to relate to how Adele is feeling as it is confined and lonely which some people in the audience may be feeling, this allows them to build a relationship with the audience as the artist and audience feel the same way. This is conventional of the soul music genre to create a relateable video for the audience in an attempt to make it appeal more to them.

Adele's costume in this video is all black, this represents either strength or fear, both of these link with the video. Strength presents her as a strong woman who is independent where as fear presents her as scared that she has forgotten her hometown which is the title of the song. The costume is very simple, this allows the audience to feel on a mutual level with Adele and see her not as an artist but as a ordinary woman, this allows the audience to relate more towards her and understand her songs more which also makes them more appealing and enjoyable for the audience.

Adele's facial expressions in this video are passionate and upset, this shows that she is upset about leaving her hometown and that she is passionate about what she sings about, this is again conventional to the soul music genre as soul music artists sing about things meaningful to them in order to engage the audience and make the song and video more relateable to the audience. Adele also looks down a lot in this video which shows a visual representation of her sad emotions, this makes the video appeal more to the audience as they can see the emotional side of Adele.

Adele is positioned in a char in the middle of a room, this makes her seem humble and not flamboyant, this makes the audience empathise for her as she is emotional about her hometown, this is conventional to the soul music genre as artists usually sing meaningful lyrics to themselves opposed to performing to the camera which is more typical of the rap or pop music genre. This makes the audience relate to Adele as she is emotional and portraying her emotions through her song, making the audience enjoy the video more.

What is a music video - Miss miller

A music video has many purposes such as: to promote an artist or their song, represent the artist through a short narrative, attract a particular target audience, identify an artist or group, buy into the artist's lifestyle, show the different generic conventions of a genre, to make the audience remember the song and video, to make a song available tot a wide audience, show more about the artist, to satisfy the audience who request music videos, to build a relationship with the artist or to allow the audience to understand more about a song.

Music videos are split into 3 categories:
- Performance; which consists of the artist being filmed whilst singing and dancing.
- Narrative; which is when the music video tells the audience a story.
- Concept; which sells the audience and idea or a theme.

One Direction - You & I Music Video

The purpose of this music video is to identify the group, they all sing to the camera very close which shows clearly the five members of one Direction allowing the audience to identify them. The style of this music video is a performance, the boys are singing to the camera and the whole video consists of footage of the boys singing to the camera and walking towards the camera. This particular genre of music is pop, which is why it is conventional that the music video is a performance style video as many pop videos consist of the artist performing to the camera for a certain purpose. This could be either to; to identify the artist, learn more about the artist or to create a relationship between the artist and the audience. This particular video by One Direction has the purpose of identifying the group to the audience and performing to them which is why the video shows the boys singing to the camera.

The cinematography used in this one Direction pop video contains many close-ups of the five artists, this promotes the artist and allows the audience to see their emotions whilst singing the song, this allows the audience to create a relationship with the audience and make the music video more enjoyable. Also a long shot is used to show the five boys walking together, this portrays them as united and together and similar people, this allows the audience to gain an insight to what the boys are like and how they dress, making the audience feel like they know the band members and want to continue being their fans and listening to their music, this also increases the publicity for One Direction. Also the use of the boys walking towards the camera adds the performance factor to the video, this proves that the video is a performance style one, appealing to the target audience who like the members of the band, such as teenage girls mostly.

The mise-en-scene element of costumes in this video includes the boys wearing dull coloured clothing, this is used to create a simplistic look, the use of the colours black white and grey are all very simple. This brings One Direction to the same level as their audience as they are wearing ordinary clothes and acting like ordinary people and not stars, this allows the audience to create a relationship with the artists, this subverts from the pop music genre as pop artists stereotypically act flamboyant in their music videos. This subverting of the pop music genre makes One Directions video for 'you and I' stand out and appeal more to the target audience as it is different from most of the other videos belonging to the pop music genre. 

This music video particularly appeals the the pop genres target audience of young teenage girls as it shows the five boys (who most teenage girls love), in a different light, they are emotional about relationships whilst they sing compared to other videos they have released such as "Midnight memories" which is about partying and going out. This widens their target audience as they are not just seen as boys who go out and party, but boys who have relationships and care about people. This will appeal strongly to the target audience of teenage girls as they would love to see the five One Direction boys as loving and caring during their music videos. This again subverts the pop music genre as plenty of pop music videos include partying and dancing but in 'you and I' the boys are just walking and singing.

The editing used in this video is very slow paced and is edited to make it look like one long clip, this creates a realistic feel throughout the video which makes the artists seem generally emotional whilst singing about being in a relationship, this will appeal strongly to the audience as teenage girls stereotypically love to see boys who care, which is what the band are doing in this video. The use of slow paced editing matches the style of the music, slow, this makes the video look professionally made and makes it smoother to the audience, this will appeal more to them and increase the publicity for One Direction and their son 'You and I'.

The target audience for this video is teenage girls, this is why it contains no nudity or violence or sex scenes, it is clean and emotional which makes it relateable for teenage girls who are in relationships as they can relate to the lyrics being sung. This video strongly appeals to the teenage female target audience as the cinematography shows a lot of the boys who are attractive which makes the video appeal to the target audience.

Overall the video subverts the normal stereotypical elements of pop music videos due to the lack of excitement and flamboyant behaviour from the band, this makes the video stand out as it is different within the pop music genre and making it appeal more to their target audience.

Research into Goodwin's theory - Miss Georgiou

1. Music videos demonstrate genre characteristics 

The above music video Eminem - The Monster demonstrates the generic concepts and characteristics seen in many of today's hip hop/ rap genre music videos. An example of which would be the costume (mise-en-scene) Rihanna is seen wearing which audiences can perceive as provocative. Rihanna reinforces the modern hip hop genre characteristics by being made to appear provocative through her use of costume. This appeals to both make and female audiences; the male audience will see Rihanna as provocative and flirtatious which will entice them to watch the video and enjoy it, also females will see Rihanna as a role model due to the way she dresses and acts throughout this video.

2. There is a relationship between lyrics and visuals

Throughout the music video rapper Eminem makes numerous references to his past as he reflects on it within the video, this is seen during the intro where he is watching himself performing some of his songs on the TV. An example of the lyrics is "I wanted fame but not the cover of Newsweek", "save me from myself" and "the vary things that i love are killing me". Eminem is referring to his past and how his music and its success is 'killing' him. This is why he is seeking consolidation in the video, he is seen with a therapist (Rihanna) in the intro as well as another when he is in a straight jacket which can be seen in the bellow image. This presents Eminem as quite a crazy character in the video, this is accompanied by the visuals which makes the video and song more understandable for audience which makes it more enjoyable when watching it, this is typical of the rap genre as most rappers have had a bad past to rap about.

3. There is a relationship between music and visuals

There is a close relationship between the music and visuals as the music switches between fast to a slow pace as it switches from verse to chorus, as this happens the visuals change from Eminem to Rihanna so you can see the artist singing, this makes the video realistic and makes it performance based as it shows the artists singing which is appealing to the audience. These changes in tone and speed are a reference to the ups and downs in his life and his career as an artist which makes the video more appealing and exciting to the audience as it is a reflection of real life experiences for Eminem and allows the audience to get an insight to these experiences.

4.The demands of the record labels will include the need for lots of close ups of the artist may develop motifs which recur across their work.

Close ups are conventional within the hip hop genre and they appear regular throughout this music video. However one close up by Eminem was interesting as it proved to be a motif amongst his work, this image can be seen bellow and it shows Eminem in the same outfit and place where the 'Lose yourself' music video was filmed (which can also be seen below). These two close ups are unique to other close ups in the music video as they are both identical and show the setting which is obviously close to Eminem as there is a film about his life with the same name '8 mile'. This could be seen in a positive or negative light, either that Eminem is trapped in his past with bad memories, or that no matter how far he has come he still remembers his past and where he has come from, both ways entice the audience and give an insight to Eminem's life and past as an artist making the video more meaningful and exciting.

Eminem - The Monster

                                                        Eminem - Lose Yourself

  

5. There is frequently reference to notion of looking (to films, TV programmes, other music videos etc). and particularly voyeuristic treatment of the female body. 

Rihanna is sexualised within the music video 'Monster' in order to reinforce the stereotypes and characteristics of females, this is typical of the rap/hip hop genre as the music videos belonging to this genre usually include a provocative female to add an exciting element to the video and to attract the male audience. As shown in the picture bellow Rihanna has her breasts inappropriately on show, this however is common for many Hip-hop artists to be shown in a flirtatious way such as Katy Perry and Beyonce. Male artists such as Justin Bieber show off their muscles and tattoos to attract the female audience to watch the video.

6. There is often intertextual reference

Throughout the music video I couldn't identify any intertextual reference. Eminem and Rihanna had little contact with one another and when ever they where together there was no sexual reference made. This is unusual for a song that could be categorised under hip-hop, I would say that this is because the song and its context didn't require any sexual reference as the visuals wouldn't match the lyrics, also Eminem's music videos rarely have any sexual references within them, they seem to focus more on him and the music to publicise him more as an artist.

7.Whether the video is primarily performanced based, narrative based or concept based

This video seems to have a combination of all three; concept, performance and narrative. It is performance based because Rihanna performs to the camera and dances in the video, while Eminem provides a narrative through the visuals and the lyrics reveal a concept of Eminem's past as a rap artist and what he has done is his past.

Research into the diversity of a music video - Miss Miller

A diverse music video is one that is different from a normal stereotypical music video and may contain scenes of strange characters or scenes with obscure costumes and narratives. This can be seen in a positive or negative light towards the audience; they uniqueness of the video can appeal to the audience and make the video more memorable, or it could be to strange and cause fans to stop liking that artist for that reason.

Chris Cunningham made first music in 1997 with "Come to Daddy" by Aphex Twin, which was instantly praised and also banned. He followed up by making the music video for "Windowlicker" again, by Aphex Twin, and the astounding "All is Full of Love" video by Björk. Aphex Twin's music was of the electronic genre, this having a smaller audience than genres such as dance or hip-hop allowed Chris Cunningham to aim his diverse music video to a smaller amount of people who would possibly enjoy what his video contained. "Come to daddy" was featured on 'MUZU.TV' music channel which played a variety of genres from rap to soul music which gave Cunningham's diverse video a chance to appeal to a wider audience.

Michel Gondry is another director who creates diverse music videos, he has worked with artists such as Kylie Minogue and The White Stripes who have created diverse music videos for their songs. The videos are obscure and different which makes them more memorable for the audience compared to the conventional music videos made for specific genres. Gondry's success in making diverse music videos came from his use of mise-en-scene, he incorporated the five mise-en-scene elements into his music videos in very unique ways to engage the audience. An example of this is the settings he tends to use, for example in the video 'Hardest button to button' he uses settings such as a train station and a park, this is obscure because bands usually play on a stage, the use of public places such as a train station and a park make the artist seem more accessible as they are in ordinary places so the audience feel like they can relate more with them.


Michel Gondry and Chris Cunningham were both very successful directors but they had converse styles in which they directed their diverse music videos. Cunningham was more controversial, an example of this is when he edited Aphex Twin's face onto child characters in Aphex Twin's music video, this completely strange music video style attracted a lot of views and publicity simply by the diversity of it, which is why Chris Cunningham was such a successful music video director. With Madonna, who is a more famous artist, Cunningham's video gained plenty of views because of people talking about how strange it was, this increased publicity for Madonna and Cunningham trough the strange music video for her song 'Frozen' because of how different it is. Gondry contrastingly works with music that has a smaller fan base such as rock genre, this is because the audience care more about the music opposed to the artist which is the case with other genres such as pop. This allowed Gondry to apply a directing style that focuses specifically on the music to improve the fan base for the particular artist. Working with Cunningham would be successful in the way that he will increase an artists publicity for their music simply by his ambiguous videos and directing style, but for an artist this could confuse the audience as the videos would be very different from each other would could make the artist loose fans as the videos are that obscure.

Chris Cunningham directed 'Come to daddy' by Aphex Twin, this video is extremely controversial due to the editing by Cunningham. He edited Aphex Twin's face onto a group of school girls. This makes the video memorable because of how unusual it is, on the other hand the school girl body and male face could make the audience feel uncomfortable, the title 'come to daddy' can be seen as inappropriate to the audience as the video contains little girls, this could create a negative feel in the video but it is a risk Cunningham has made. The genre of this song is electro, the video subverts the conventions of this music genre as it includes disturbing, strange visuals which would fit more into the horror genre.

Kylie Minogue was part of the pop music genre and usually had flamboyant glamorous music videos to accompany her music, but when Gondry directed her music video for 'Come into my world' the video was diverse. The video includes a lot of repetition which subverts from the generic conventions of a pop music video, this makes the video stand out more to the audience and make it more memorable for them. On the other hand this could confuse the audience as Kylie Minogue's other music videos are conventional to the pop genre. We see her wearing a casual pink shirt which is not what you would expect to see a pop artist wearing as they usually wear clothing that stands out and is extravagant, also the setting used is very normal and ordinary which makes the video relateable for the audience even though it is diverse.

Advantages and disadvantages of a diverse music video

A diverse music video can be successful because people would talk about it and how unusual it is, this would increase the publicity and popularity of the music video and the artist. Also it would stand out from other music videos which would promote the artist and her music if the video is diverse. However there can be some disadvantages of a diverse music video, for example the obscurity of the video could be seen as too much for the audience and make them feel uncomfortable or confused about the visuals for the music, this would make the artist loose fans because they would be used to the artist's normal, conventional music videos.

Research into music channels - Miss Georgiou

Research into music channels- Miss Georgiou

For each music channel answer

1). who is the target audience and why?

2). what type of music does the channel play and why?

3).identify 4 examples of artists that feature on a regular basis

4). How is the channel used as a form of branding

5). how does the logo appeal to the target audience (consider the colours and connotations, size of fonts, style of logo)

box, VH1

MTV's target audience is 12 years old ranging all the way to 30 years old. I would say this because MTV plays commercial, chart music. This type of music is specific to mainstream teenagers and young adults and is why it appeals to its target audience of 12-30 year olds. 

As previously referenced, MTV plays commercial, Hip-Hop, chart music. They do this because this particular music reaches a much larger audience and so more people watch MTV. 

Examples of people that feature on MTV regularly include high profile artists such as Katy Perry, Rhianna and Chris Brown and 1- Direction this is because they create the chart music that MTV broadcast. 

MTV also owns VH1 as well as other channels such as Nickelodeon. Owing Nickelodeon would have many advantages for MTV as they will be able to advertise their channel and music on the Nickelodeon channel where it can be seen by MTV's younger target audience around the 12 years old area as this will be the specific audience watching Nickelodeon. 

I would argue that MTV's logo (seen above) appeals to its target audience of 12-30 years old as the 'TV' part of the logo is in a different font as the 'M'. The contrasting graffiti style font appeals to the target audience as they find it 'cool' and so MTV is attempting to appear appealing to these audiences.

Kerrang however has a more niche audience, appealing to a more older target audience of 15-25 year olds interested in rock music.

By targeting a more specific audience they can attract more customers as they do not have to compete with other music channels such as MTV  as there target audiences both like different genres of music.

Artists that are popular with Karrang include Green day, Slipknot, Linkin park and my chemical romance. All these artist are particular to the rock genre and is why they feature on the channel so much, because they crate rock music.

Kerrang's Television music channels a form of grading as they are also promoting their other media through it. An example of which would the their magazine (which can be seen to the left). They are able to advertise their magazine for free (because it is their channel) and to the correct target audience as the magazine appeals to the same audiences watching the Kerrang music channel.

Kerrangs title appeals to their target audience of 15-25 years old as its bold stand out font make it stand while the  alternative lines and rugged edges of the font like it a more edgy and more conventional to the rock genre, the explanation mark at the end also emphasises the title making it appear more generic to the genre.











C music TV targets a much older target audience as opposed to Kerrang and MTV,  at over 50 years of age.The C in the title stands for the four genres of music it covers, classical music, chill out music, cross over music and cinema music. This music channel plays this particular type of music to appeal to older audiences that many other music channels do not target and in so playing this type of music they appeal to a more specific target audience which less competition from other music channels.


Examples of the artists that feature on a regular basis would be Beethoven for the classical genre, Divo for cross over music,  Lemon Jelly for chill out music and music composed for films from the likes of John Williams.

C music tv is used as a form of branding because as of June 2008 C music TV launched a subscription service where upon subscribing you will receive a HD version of the channel. The original channel therefore promotes the subscription and the HD service available to audiences.

The simple set sophisticated C music TV logo appeals to the target audience of 50+ adults as the blue colour used connotes calmness and with chill out music being a genre that it plays i find this colour an appropriate choice. The logo also resembles that of a on bottom when turned to anti -clock wise at 90 degrees. I would argue that this is done deliberately in order to be easily recognised as a music channel and in order to promote there channel as the logo is a turn on sign. This appeals to there older target audience as they will feel obliged to choose this site because of its clever logo.







Club land TV targets teens- young adults. 15-23
year olds. It does this because it is aware that this is the age group that goes out dancing the most.
Clubland TV plays dance music because this is the genre of music that people listen to when they are out.  Artists that would feature on Clubland TV regularly would be David Guetta, Avicii, Calvin Harris and Martin Garrix.



Clubland TV is used as a form of branding as it promotes its chain of CD albums called Clubland  through it (an example of which can be seen to the right).

The club land logo (above) appeals to its young target audience of 15-23 year olds as the font used replicates that of what you would expect to see at a club. The bright purple lights attract the viewers attention and again closely resembles what you would see at a club.